The United States is preparing for a major shift in its student visa system as the Trump administration advances a set of proposed rules that could significantly affect F-1, J-1, and M-1 visa holders. Listed in the Department of Homeland Security’s (DHS) regulatory agenda in mid-November 2025, the draft rule introduces tighter controls on visa duration, post-study work, academic transfers, and program oversight.
Although not yet finalized, the proposal has already sparked global debate. International students, universities, and education experts warn that the changes could reshape academic planning, employment options, and long-term opportunities for those seeking U.S. education.
These changes matter because they directly impact how students manage their studies, prepare for work authorization, and navigate their immigration pathways in one of the world’s most competitive education destinations.
Stricter Rules for F-1 Visa Holders and OPT Programs
One of the most closely watched elements of the proposal involves the Optional Practical Training (OPT) program, which allows international students to gain work experience after graduation.
Under the draft framework, OPT applicants may face:
- Higher minimum salary requirements
- More detailed employer-approved training plans
- Additional verification steps and compliance checks
The goal, according to DHS, is to prevent misuse of student work programs. However, students are concerned that increased requirements may limit early-career opportunities—especially in STEM, business, healthcare, and other fields where entry-level wages can vary widely.
Restrictions on Day-One CPT
The proposal also targets “day-one CPT,” a practice at certain institutions where students begin Curricular Practical Training during their first semester. The new rule seeks to restrict or eliminate this pathway, arguing that some programs use it to bypass student visa intent.
Universities fear these limits could reduce enrollment in practical-learning programs, while students may look toward Canada, Australia, and Europe for more flexible study-and-work options.
New Restrictions for J-1 Exchange Students and Academic Transfers
J-1 exchange visitors—including scholars, researchers, and cultural program participants—will experience tightened rules if the draft is finalized.
Shortened Grace Period
The traditional grace period following program completion would be shortened to 30 days, reducing time available for travel, transitions, job searches, or planning academic changes.
Stricter Academic Transfer Rules
Program sponsors would need to provide stronger justification for transfers, proving clear academic or research benefits. Universities warn that added paperwork could slow international collaborations and make U.S. research programs less appealing.
More Limitations for M-1 Vocational Students
Students in vocational and technical training programs under the M-1 category will also see major changes.
Key proposed updates:
- More stringent scrutiny of extension requests
- Closer review of academic progress and training objectives
- Alignment of the M-1 grace period with the new 30-day limit
Institutions offering technical training—such as aviation and workforce-based programs—believe these changes may push potential applicants to countries with more predictable employment pathways.
Impact of the Four-Year Maximum Limit on All Student Visas
The proposed universal four-year maximum limit on student visas is one of the most debated aspects.
Fields such as medicine, engineering, and PhD-level research often require five to seven years of study, meaning many students could face interruptions mid-program.
While the proposal allows for extensions, these would require:
- Additional DHS review
- Justification paperwork
- Strict compliance checks
- Delays in processing
Universities argue this would increase administrative burden, complicate SEVIS management, and disrupt long-term research projects reliant on international scholars.
For students, the four-year cap adds financial and academic uncertainty—especially for those pursuing long-duration degrees or research-intensive programs.
How Students Can Prepare for a Possible 2026 Rollout
Since the rule is still in draft form, nothing is officially implemented. However, students are encouraged to prepare early.
For F-1 Students
- Apply for OPT as soon as you become eligible
- Keep all SEVIS information updated
- Maintain accurate academic records
- Communicate regularly with your Designated School Official (DSO)
For J-1 Students
- Work closely with program sponsors for transfers or extensions
- Plan travel and relocation decisions earlier due to the 30-day grace period
For M-1 Students
- Ensure training objectives and academic progress are well-documented
- Coordinate extension requests well ahead of deadlines
Stay Updated Through Official Sources
Students should monitor:
- DHS
- USCIS
- SEVP (Student and Exchange Visitor Program)
- University international offices
Policy language may change before the final rule is published, so staying informed is essential.
Disclaimer
This article is for informational purposes only and does not provide legal, immigration, financial, or academic advice. Readers should consult official government sources or certified immigration professionals for guidance related to U.S. visas or study decisions.